They spend about 1½ years feeding in the ocean, then return to their natal streams or rivers to spawn, generally in fall or early winter.Some stocks of coho salmon migrate more than 1,000 miles in the ocean, while other stocks remain in marine areas close to the streams where they were born.Coho salmon are anadromous-they hatch in freshwater streams and spend a year in streams and rivers then migrate out to the saltwater environment of the ocean to feed and grow.The Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund supports the restoration of salmon species.Improvements to water quality and instream flow.Removal and modification of dams that obstruct salmon migration.Population conservation efforts include:.Degraded water quality from agricultural and logging practices.Habitat loss from dam construction and urban development.Changes in ocean and climatic conditions.Summary 2020-2021 stock assessment information for all West Coast coho salmon stocks can be found on Stock SMART.As of 2022 many individual stocks are not overfished, but one is listed as endangered, and three are considered threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).The status of coho populations in California and the Pacific Northwest varies.Summary stock assessment information can be found on Stock SMART. According to the 2017 Hugh Smith Lake and 2021 Auke Creek and Berners River stock assessments, these stocks are not overfished and not subject to overfishing. There are 3 indicator stocks of coho salmon that are used to determine the status of the assemblage these indicator stocks are Auke Creek, Berners River, and Hugh Smith Lake. The Alaska Coho Salmon Assemblage consists of coho salmon, sockeye salmon, pink salmon, and chum salmon throughout southeast Alaska.Alaskan populations of coho salmon are near or above target population levels.There are more than 20 different stocks of coho salmon.Regulations are in place to minimize bycatch.
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